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 Professor Elaine Cole

Professor in Trauma Sciences, QMUL; Director of Research and Innovation, London Major Trauma System

I am a Professor in Trauma Sciences within the Blizard Institute. I lead the MSc in Trauma Sciences, an international distance-learning MSc for multi-professional students to enhance their knowledge in all aspects of trauma management and research.

I also co-lead the Trauma Sciences and Care of the Injured Patient Programme (TSCIPP).  This undergraduate run-through SSC provides MBBS students with the unique opportunity to gain professional experience in trauma care and clinical research through a structured four-year programme at the Centre for Trauma Sciences, QMUL and Barts Health NHS trust.

Within the Centre for Trauma Sciences I lead on Trauma Outcomes research with a focus on the prevalence and drivers of poor outcomes after severe injury, haemorrhage and critical care admission. This includes investigating the predictors and phenotypes of contemporary multiple organ dysfunction (MODS) after major trauma at a trauma system and national level. I am interested in the relationship between outcomes following severe injury and diverse characteristics such as sex, gender, disability and age. As the population ages, major trauma cohorts are becoming older and I have led research which examines the effects of ageing and frailty on the response to and recovery from severe injury.

Contact_ email: e.cole@qmul.ac.uk

  • Pre-hospital care delays in trauma-related mass casualty incidents: a comparative international survey of high-income and low- and middle-income country perspectives. Alruqi F, Althobiani MA, Cole E, Brohi K. Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med (2026). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13049-026-01664-8
  • Biomarkers of Hypoperfusion Versus Triage Vital Signs in Predicting Outcomes in Adult Trauma: A Systematic Review. Salawu A, Raji-Salawu M, Nzeribe E, Alshibshoubi M, Cole E. British Journal of Surgery 113(Supplement_6):znag063.682 10 Jul 2026
  • Machine learning for prehospital prediction of trauma-induced coagulopathy: a national evaluation of the potential impact on tranexamic acid administration. Wohlgemut JM, Almuwallad A, Kyrimi E, Rossetto A, Marsden MER, Pisirir E, Stoner RS, Cole, E, et al. Trauma Surgery & Acute Care Open. 2026;11:e002245. https://doi.org/10.1136/tsaco-2026-002245
  • Trauma as a critical condition in the very old: assessment, care pathways and outcome differences. Leaver S, Conroy S, Lumley G, Hancorn K, Cole E. Eur Geriatr Med. 2026 Jun 18. doi: 10.1007/s41999-026-01512-z. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 42313348.
  • Facilitating the Safe and Effective Hospital Discharge of Patients After Blunt Mechanism Chest Wall Injury. Baker E, Battle C, Cole E, Lee G. Nurs Clin North Am. 2026 Jun;61(2):267-280. doi: 10.1016/j.cnur.2025.12.002. Epub 2026 Mar 18. PMID: 42067245.
  • Palliative and end of life care in older major trauma - A point prevalence evaluation in England, Wales and Scotland. Cole E, Jarman H; PECOT collaborators. Injury. 2026 Apr 15:113199. doi: 10.1016/j.injury.2026.113199.
  • Outcomes of major trauma patients by hospital level of care in New Zealand. Moore JE, Cole E, Gabbe BJ. Injury. 2026 Feb 6:113090. doi: 10.1016/j.injury.2026.113090. Online ahead of print.
  • A decade of trauma care in the North of Scotland: Impact of an inclusive network. Tallach R, Hannen M, Hooper T, Allen L, Cole E. Injury. 2025 Dec 25;57(2):113012. doi: 10.1016/j.injury.2025.113012. PMID: 41483687.
  • Post resuscitation platelet transfusion in major trauma patients. Rossetto A, Reynolds J, Ykema E, Davenport R, Cole E, Vulliamy P. Transfusion. 2025 Sep 19. doi: 10.1111/trf.18414. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 40968691.
  • Enteral nutrition delivery in patients admitted to a critical care unit following major trauma: Who's at risk and what's the impact?  Davies C, Johansson L, Brett SJ, Cole E. J Intensive Care Soc. 2025 Jun 29:17511437251349679. doi: 10.1177/17511437251349679. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 40600217; PMCID: PMC12206743.
  • Thrombocytopenia in critically ill trauma patients is associated with the pattern and duration of postinjury organ dysfunction. Rossetto A, Kerner S, Ykema E, Allan HE, Armstrong PC, Cole E, Vulliamy P. Res Pract Thromb Haemost. 2025 May 17;9(4):102890. doi: 10.1016/j.rpth.2025.102890. PMID: 40538447; PMCID: PMC12178710.
  • Delirium after major trauma critical care and the association with recovery at 12 months. Christie R, Cole E. Trauma. 2025;0(0). doi:10.1177/14604086251343660
  • Traumatic Self-Harm in Older People: A 7-Year Descriptive Analysis from a London Major Trauma Centre. Thompson JHS, Sivapathasuntharam D, Cole E, Sampson EL. Injury. 2025 Jun 21:112542. doi: 10.1016/j.injury.2025.112542. PMID: 40592662.
  • Timings of pre-hospital life-saving interventions in mass casualty incidents: an observational simulation study. Alruqi F, Cole E, Brohi K. Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med. 2025 Jun 2;33(1):100. doi: 10.1186/s13049-025-01417-z. PMID: 40457433
  • Acute traumatic coagulopathy: what you should know, what is debated and what should come next. James A, Cole E, Dünser M, Bouzat P, Gauss T. Anaesth Crit Care Pain Med. 2025 May 16:101543. doi: 10.1016/j.accpm.2025.101543. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 40383226.
  • Lessons learned: The thematic analysis of eight countries with mature trauma systems. Levi A, Gupta S, Balasubramaniam S, Civil I, Cole E, Bala M, Cioffi S, Caminsky N, Chiara O, Rivkind AI, Fitzgerald M, James A, Scalea T, Wong E, Kushner AL, Ratnayake A. Injury. 2025 Apr;56(4):112260. doi: 10.1016/j.injury.2025.112260
  • Injury patterns and patient outcomes of abdominal trauma in the elderly population: a 5-year experience of a Major Trauma Centre. Chatzopoulou D, Alfa-Wali M, Hewertson E, Baxter M, Cole E, Elberm H. Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg. 2025 Mar 12;51(1):130. doi: 10.1007/s00068-025-02807-9.
  • Effect of early administration of fibrinogen replacement therapy in traumatic haemorrhage: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials with narrative synthesis of observational studies. Burt T, Guilliam A, Cole E, Davenport R. Crit Care. 2025 Jan 28;29(1):49. doi: 10.1186/s13054-025-05269-y.
  • Self-directed violence and unclear intent presentation within a major trauma system. A multisite analysis. Lockwood-Smith J, Hettiaratchy S, Davenport R, Weaver A, Newton N, Tunnicliff M, Raitt J, Hudson A, Brohi K, Cole E. Injury. 2025 Jan 11;56(2):112156. doi: 10.1016/j.injury.2025.112156. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 39823920.
  • Factors associated with anxiety and depression one year after trauma critical care admission: A multi-centre study.  Nicholson V, Cole E, Christie R. Injury. 2024 Dec 15:112080. doi: 10.1016/j.injury.2024.112080. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 39709255.
  • Trauma team activation for older patients with pelvic fractures: Are current criteria adequate? Williamson F, Cole E. Emerg Med Australas. 2024 Dec;36(6):907-914. doi: 10.1111/1742-6723.14472. Epub 2024 Jul 25. PMID: 39054567.
  • Clinical prediction models for the management of blunt chest trauma in the emergency department: a systematic review. Battle C, Cole E, Carter K, Baker E. BMC Emerg Med. 2024 Oct 12;24(1):189. doi: 10.1186/s12873-024-01107-6. PMID: 39395934; PMCID: PMC11470733.
  • Splenic trauma in the West of Scotland: a seven-year analysis of management and outcomes. Mapara R, Cole E, Schyma B. British Journal of Surgery 111(Supplement_8):znae197.309 09 Sep 2024
  • Pregnant females experiencing physical trauma.  Thorne E, Cole E, Hess E, Rappoport J, Thumbadoo R, Shepherd J. British Journal of Surgery 111(Supplement_8):znae197.077 09 Sep 2024
  • Sex and gender reporting in UK emergency medicine trials from 2010 to 2023: a systematic review.
  • Astin-Chamberlain R, Pott J, Cole E, Bloom BM. Emergency Medicine Journal, DOI: 10.1136/emermed-2024-214054, 2024
  • Major Trauma Priority Setting Partnership Steering Group. Research priorities for the management of major trauma: an international priority setting partnership with the James Lind Alliance. Bretherton CP, Hirst R, Gacaferi H, Gower J, Exell L, Johnston S, Martin S, Leech C, Hilton C, Battle C, Axelrod D, Vallier H, Van Embden D, Stockton DJ, Cole E, Williams J, Johnson L, Laubscher M, Webb M, Braude P, Norris S, Bell S, Maqungo S, Griffin XL. BMJ Open. 2024 May 15;14(5):e083450. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-083450. PMID: 38754886; PMCID: PMC11107451.
  • Trauma systems in high socioeconomic index countries in 2050. Gauss T, de Jongh M, Maegele M, Cole E, Bouzat P. Crit Care. 2024 Mar 16;28(1):84. doi: 10.1186/s13054-024-04863-w. PMID: 38493142
  • Investigating the effects of frailty on six-month outcomes in older trauma patients admitted to UK major trauma centres: a multicentre follow up study. Cole E, Crouch R, Baxter, M, Wang C, Sivapathasuntharam D, Peck G, Jennings C, Jarman H.  Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine.  (2024) 32:1, https://doi.org/10.1186/s13049-023-01169-8
  • Factors Associated with delayed Pre-Hospital times during Trauma-Related Mass Casualty Incidents: A Systematic Review. Alruqi F, Aglago EK, Cole E, Brohi K. Disaster Med Public Health Prep. 2023 Nov 10;17:e525. doi: 10.1017/dmp.2023.187.
  • Prothrombin complex concentrate (PCC) for treatment of trauma-induced coagulopathy: systematic review and meta-analyses. Hannadjas I, James A, Davenport R, Lindsay C, Brohi K, Cole E. Crit Care. 2023 Nov 2;27(1):422. doi: 10.1186/s13054-023-04688-z.
  • Pre-injury sarcopenia and the association with discharge destination in critical care trauma patients. Badminton R, Christie R, Brohi K, Cole E. Trauma. 2023 Nov. doi:10.1177/14604086231214878
  • Prothrombin complex concentrate (PCC) for treatment of trauma-induced coagulopathy: systematic review and meta-analyses. Hannadjas I, James A, Davenport R, Lindsay C, Brohi K, Cole E. Crit Care. 2023 Nov 2;27(1):422. doi: 10.1186/s13054-023-04688-z.
  • Heterogeneity in defining multiple trauma: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Jeanmougin T, Cole E, Duceau B, Raux M, James A. Crit Care. 2023 Sep 22;27(1):363. doi: 10.1186/s13054-023-04637-w.
  • Nationwide analysis of pre-hospital tranexamic acid for trauma demonstrates systematic bias in adherence to treatment guidelines: a retrospective cohort study. Almuwallad A, Cole E, Rossetto A, Brohi K, Perkins Z, Davenport R. Int J Surg. 2023 Sep 18. doi: 10.1097/JS9.0000000000000712. PMID: 37720941
  • Clinical prediction models for the management of blunt chest trauma in the Emergency Department: a systematic review. Battle C, Cole E, Carter K, Baker E. DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.15.23291429
  • Soft tissue reconstruction of combat-related injuries affecting the lower limb: is a time target realistic? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Rehman, U., Cole, E., Whiteman, E., Khatib, M., Cavale, N., Giannou, G.Eur J Plast Surg (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00238-023-02095-9 
  • Scoping review of the literature to ascertain how the STUMBL Score clinical prediction model is used to manage patients with blunt chest wall trauma in emergency care. Battle C, Cole E, Whelan R, Baker E. Injury. 2023 Jul;54(7):110796. doi: 10.1016/j.injury.2023.05.027. Epub 2023 May 7.
  • Major trauma among E-Scooter and bicycle users: a nationwide cohort study. Clough RA, Platt E, Cole E, Wilson M, Aylwin C. Inj Prev. 2023 Apr;29(2):121-125. doi: 10.1136/ip-2022-044722. Epub 2023 Feb 28.
  • Establishing the research priorities for major trauma in the United Kingdom: A Delphi study of nurses and allied health professionals. Jarman H, Crouch R, Friend S, Cole E. Int Emerg Nurs. 2023 Mar;67:101265. doi: 10.1016/j.ienj.2023.101265. Epub 2023 Feb 27
  • Configurations and outcomes of acute hospital care for frail and older patients with moderate to major trauma: a systematic review. Halter M, Jarman H, Moss P, Kulnik ST, Baramova D, Gavalova L, Cole E, Crouch R, Baxter M. BMJ Open. 2023 Feb 21;13(2):e066329. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-066329.
  • Provision of acute care pathways for older major trauma patients in the UK. Jarman H, Crouch R, Halter M, Peck G, Cole E.  BMC Geriatr 22, 915 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-022-03615-1 
  • Sex discrimination after injury: is inequity in tranexamic acid administration just the tip of the iceberg? Cole E, Curry N, Davenport R. Br J Anaesth. 2022 Aug;129(2):144-147. doi: 10.1016/j.bja.2022.05.015
  • The efficacy of weight-based enoxaparin dosing for vte-prophylaxis in trauma patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ebeid A, Cole E, Stallwood-Hall C. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2022 Aug 1;93(2):e71-e79. doi: 10.1097/TA.0000000000003707
  • Multiple Organ Dysfunction in Older Major Trauma Critical Care Patients. A Multi-Center Prospective Observational Study. Cole E, Aylwin C, Christie R, Dillane B, Farrah H, Hopkins P, Ryan C, Woodgate A, Brohi K. Annals of Surgery Open. 3(2):p e174, June 2022. | DOI: 10.1097/AS9.0000000000000174
  • The national major trauma system within the United Kingdom: inclusive regionalized networks of care. Cole E.  Emergency and Critical Care Medicine 2(2):p 76-79, June 2022. DOI:  10.1097/EC9.0000000000000040
  • The use of Tranexamic Acid (TXA) in Hip Fracture Surgery – A systematic review and meta-analysis.
    Journal of Orthopaedic Trauma. Agius C, Cole E, Mifsud MG, Vasireddy A. J Orthop Trauma. 2020 Jan-Apr;28(1):2309499019887995. doi: 10.1177/2309499019887995
  • Long term outcomes following rib fracture fixation in patients with major chest trauma. Lucena-Amaro S, Cole E, Zolfaghari P. Injury. 2022 Sep;53(9):2947-2952. doi: 10.1016/j.injury.2022.04.020
  • Refining mass casualty plans with simulation-based iterative learning. Tallach R, Schyma B, Robinson M, O'Neill B, Edmonds N, Bird R, Sibley M, Leitch A, Cross S, Green L, Weaver A, McLean N, Cemlyn-Jones R, Menon R, Edwards D, Cole E. Br J Anaesth. 2022 Feb;128(2):e180-e189. doi: 10.1016/j.bja.2021.10.004
  • At risk child: a contemporary analysis of injured children in London and the South East of England: a prospective, multicentre cohort study. Elbourne C, Cole E, Marsh S, Rex D, Makin E, Salter R, Brohi K, Edmonds N, Cleeve S, O'Neill B. BMJ Paediatr Open. 2021 Nov 5;5(1):e001114
  • Evaluation of elderly specific pre-hospital trauma triage criteria: a systematic review. Boulton AJ, Peel D, Rahman U, Cole E. Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med. 2021 Aug 30;29(1):127. doi: 10.1186/s13049-021-00940-z
  • The Impact of Pre-Hospital TXA on Mortality among Bleeding Trauma Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Almuwallad A, Cole E, Ross J, Perkins Z, Davenport R. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2021 May 1;90(5):901-907. doi: 10.1097/TA.0000000000003120
  • Feasibility and accuracy of ED frailty identification in older trauma patients: a multi-centre study.  Jarman H, Crouch R, Baxter M, Wang C, Peck G, Sivapathasuntharam D, Jennings C, Cole E. Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med. 2021 Mar 30;29(1):54. doi: 10.1186/s13049-021-00868-4
  • Acute compartment syndrome (ACS) - a case of delayed diagnosis. Agius C, Cole E. Int J Orthop Trauma Nurs. 021 Jul;42:100845. doi: 10.1016/j.ijotn.2021.100845
  • Multiple organ dysfunction after trauma. Cole E, Gillespie S, Vulliamy P, Brohi K; Organ Dysfunction in Trauma (ORDIT) study collaborators. Br J Surg. 2020 Mar;107(4):402-412. doi: 10.1002/bjs.11361.
  • Major Trauma Centre Lead Clinicians: An evaluation of current practice in major trauma centres in England. Sabin EJ, Cole E. Trauma. 29 Nov 2020 doi.org/10.1177/1460408620974982
  • Frailty in major trauma study (FRAIL-T): A study protocol to determine the feasibility of nurse-led frailty assessment in elderly trauma and the impact on outcome in patients with major trauma. Jarman H, Crouch R, Baxter M, Cole E, Dillane B, Wang C. BMJ Open 10(8) 05 Aug 2020 doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-038082
  • Do pre-hospital physicians improve mortality in major trauma patients? A systematic review. Morgan O, Yarham E, Hudson A, Cole E. Trauma Sept 2020. doi.org/10.1177/1460408620953056
  • Effectiveness of Surgical Airway Training Laboratory and Assessment of Skill and Knowledge Fade in Surgical Airway Establishment Among Prehospital Providers. Luckey-Smith K, High K, Cole E. Air Med J 39(5):369-373 Sep 2020. doi.org/10.1016/j.amj.2020.05.003
  • The Evolution of Initial-Hemostatic Resuscitation and the Void of Post-Hemostatic Resuscitation.  Braasch MC, Turco LM, Cole E, Brohi K, Winfield RD. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2020 Sep;89(3):597-601. doi: 10.1097/TA.0000000000002576
  • Targeted prevention of road traffic deaths in Greece: a multifactorial 5-year census-based study. Anagnostou E, Cole E. Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg. 2020 Jan 2. doi: 10.1007/s00068-019-01290-3
  • Developing Undergraduate Trauma Education Through a Student Led Co-Curriculum Model. Ledbury K, Holdsworth L, Robathan M, Sultan S, Cole E, Baptista A, Goodsman D, Davenport R. Br J Surg. 2019 106: 130-130.
  • The Changing Epidemiology of Serious Trauma in the Elderly Population: An Increasing Concern of a Tertiary Hospital in Singapore. Go KT, Cheng JY, Seah X, Goh MH, Teo LT, Cole E. Ann Acad Med Singap. 2019 Nov;48(11):354-362
  • A Decade of Damage Control Resuscitation: New Transfusion Practice, New Survivors, New Directions.  Cole E, Weaver A, Gall L, West A, Nevin D, Tallach R, O’Neill B, Lahiri S, Allard S, Tai N, Davenport R, Green L, Brohi K.  Ann Surg. 2021 Jun 1;273(6):1215-1220. doi: 10.1097/SLA.0000000000003657
  • Timing and methods of frailty assessments in geriatric trauma patients: A Systematic Review. Cubitt M, Downie E, Shakerian R, Lange PW, Cole E. Injury. 2019 Nov;50(11):1795-1808. doi: 10.1016/j.injury.2019.07.026
  • Delivering trauma mastery with an international trauma masters. Schyma BM, Cole E, Wren SM, Brohi K, Brundage SI. Injury. 2019 Apr;50(4):877-882. doi: 10.1016/j.injury.2019.03.023
  • Functional inclusivity of trauma networks: a pilot study of the North West London Trauma Network. Wohlgemut JM, Davies J, Aylwin C, Morrison JJ, Cole E, Batrick N, Brundage SI, Jansen JO. J Surg Res. 2018 Nov;231:201-209. doi: 10.1016/j.jss.2018.05.045
  • Evaluating the ability of a trauma team activation tool to identify severe injury: a multicenter cohort study. Vinjevoll OP, Uleberg O, Cole E. Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med. 2018 Aug 10; 26(1):63.doi: 10.1186/s13049-018-0533-y
  • Beliefs and expectations of rural hospital practitioners towards a developing trauma system: A qualitative case study. Adams RDF, Cole E, Brundage SI, Morrison Z, Jansen JO. Injury. 2018 Mar 22. pii: S0020-1383(18)30137-2. doi: 10.1016/j.injury.2018.03.025.
  • Contemporary patterns of multiple organ dysfunction in trauma. Shepherd JM, Cole E, Brohi K.  Shock. 2017 Apr; 47(4):429-435. doi: 10.1097/SHK.0000000000000779.
  • Survival prediction algorithms miss significant opportunities for improvement if used for case selection in trauma quality improvement programs. Heim C, Cole E, West A, Tai N, Brohi K. Injury. 2016 Sep; 47(9):1960-5. doi: 10.1016/j.injury.2016.05.042.
  • Early changes within the lymphocyte population are associated with the development of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome in trauma patients. Manson J, Cole E, De'Ath HD, Vulliamy P, Meier U, Pennington D, Brohi K. Crit Care. 2016 Jun 7; 20(1):176. doi: 10.1186/s13054-016-1341-2.
  • The impact of a pan-regional inclusive trauma system on quality of care. Cole E, Lecky F, West A, Smith N, Brohi K, Davenport R.  Ann Surg. 2016 Jul; 264(1):188-94. doi: 10.1097/SLA.0000000000001393.
  • Meta-analysis of prognostic factors for amputation following surgical repair of lower extremity vascular trauma. Perkins ZB, Yet B, Glasgow S, Cole E, Marsh W, Brohi K, Rasmussen TE, Tai NR. Br J Surg. 2015 Apr; 102(5):436-50. doi: 10.1002/bjs.9689. Epub 2015 Feb 23
  • Tranexamic acid use in severely injured civilian patients and the effects on outcomes. Cole E, Davenport R, Willett K, Brohi K. Ann Surg, 2014 Feb; 261(2):390-4
  • Health outcome after major trauma: what are we measuring? Hoffman K, Cole E, Playford ED, Grill E, Soberg HL, Brohi K.  PLoS One. 2014 Jul 22; 9(7):e103082. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0103082. eCollection
  • The burden of infection and the relationship with admission shock in severely injured patients. Cole E, Davenport R, Willett K, Brohi K.  J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2014; 76(3):730-735
  • Coagulation system changes associated with susceptibility to infection in trauma patients. Cole E, Davenport R, De'Ath H, Manson J, Brockamp T, Brohi K.  J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2013; 74(1):51-7
  • Measuring acute rehabilitation needs in trauma: Preliminary evaluation of the Rehabilitation Complexity Scale. Hoffman K, West A, Nott P, Cole E, Playford D, Liu C, Brohi K. Injury. 2013; 44(1):104-109
  • Major trauma and urban cyclists: physiological status and injury profile. Manson J, Cooper S, West A, Foster E, Cole E, Tai N. Emerg Med J. 2013; 30(1):32-37
  • Improving outcomes in the early phases after major trauma. Brohi K, Cole E, Hoffman K. Curr Opin Crit Care. 2011; 17 (5):515-9.
  • Can residents be effective trauma team leaders in a major trauma centre? Cole E, West A, Davenport R, Naganathar S, Kanzara T, Carey M, Brohi K.  Injury. 2011; 44(1):18-22
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